I gave you a link for the book.. download it and read if you want real details.. I am no philologist.
But generally,1) The Philology of the Quran for Muslims is faith based and already assumes divine inspiration and doesn't venture unbiasedly. The Christian Bible passed through the same phase before they created a critical version of it. The book i gave a link to itself calls for collecting and creating a critical version of the Quran like what happened with the bible in tracing its history.
2) Recitations as in "Tilawat" does not alter in meaning but readings as in "Qira'at" does because they are different words all together as the Dots on letters that differentiate (not the little symbols) the letters are non-existent. Under rasm, the arabic alphabet is only 18 letters out of the 28 we have today.
3) I said it Mixed up both mariams/marys. The family of Omran in the old testament is composed of Moses (The prophet), Haroon (cant recall his non-arabic name), Mary (an insignificant sister) and their father Omran.
In the Quran the Family of Omran is composed of Moses (not the prophet), Haroon, Mary (Jesus's virgin mother) and her father Omran.
4) Dhul Qarnayn... do some research and see for yourself. Also read surat el kahf (the cave) you'll see the wording is that They ask the prophet about Dhul Qarnayn and the 7 sleepers. He was replying to their questions about people they already heard legends of.
I advise you to read the book I posted... I am not presenting it as it deserves... the book is not about that in the first place.. its not a "lets bash the Quran!" book at all. It discusses, 1. Quranic Origins: Manuscript Evidence
2. Quranic Origins: Historical Evidence
3. The Quran and Earlier Religious Tradition
4. The Quran as Literature
5. The Quran and Historical Linguistics
Its a book that came out from a conference in The University of Notredam.. a collection of lectures.
There is the link again..
http://avaxhome.ws/ebooks/theology_occultism/east_religion/quran-in-its-historical-context.html
Oh... there is also Incredible similarity between the Fake Infancy Gospel's account of Jesus's childhood and the Quranic account. Coincidentally, the Infancy Gospel was in Syriac, the alexander romance was in syriac