What was the reason in your opinion the downfall of muslims? Why was at one time in history (imo golden age of islam up to 13th century I think) muslim world was the wonder of the world, with all the thinkers achievements and brakethroughs of science and philosophy coming from muslim countries and what changed that we have this thing today?
There are a lot to say about it. I will mention two of most important reasons.
Decreasing quality of religious leaders and people of science such as Imams, Alims, Sheiks caused a chain reaction. Bribery became a common thing among government officers. Ignoble people took the important positions instead of people who deserve it. Worthiness became worthless.
Second reason is missing out on technological developments in Europe which is connected to first reason. Unworthy religious leaders forbid people to welcome technological developments, called them 'tools of satan'. It has nothing to do with Islam as our religion not only encourage people for development but also demand it.
For example; Printing press arrived here 200 years after Europeans started to use it. People who disliked the idea of printing press used religion to support their claim but true purpose was profit. There were around 90,000 calligraphers in Ottomans and if you count their families as well it was a huge business.
Then there are Jewish people from Spain who escaped from Inquisition found a safe heaven in Ottoman nation. They did not repay kindly though. They have supported corruption and played a major role in destruction of Ottoman Empire and Caliphate. They have used freemasonary to manipulate Ittihad and Terakki party. Even today they are still one of the major powers in the country.
People with Jewish origin disguised as Turkish patriots, started to pump nationalism. Ottoman Empire had more than 40 ethnicities living in it. They did it to divide the Empire into many pieces to be swalloved by them afterwards. Mustafa Kamal was one of them, whom replaced Islam with ethnic nationalism as official state ideology of the republic.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dönmeh
Ittihad Terakki came to power after the coup they toppled Sultan Abdulhamid who refused to sell Palestine to Theodor Herzl, founder of Zionism. They have stayed in power between 1908 and end of WWI which they made us to involve. You can check the map of Ottoman Empire before and after them to see how successful they were.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress