Why's this? And FIFA does nothing about it?
Hematocrit value is the concentration of red bloodcels. More means you'll be transporting more oxygen, wich means endurance increases quite a bit, and recovery is greatly improved, and acidity greatly reduced.
Erythropoietin (EPO) directly controlls the synthesis and production of these red blood cells, wich is why cyclists administered it.
2.3BPG : Molecule that will attatch to red blood cells to force the decoupling of oxygen in low oxygen enviroment (muscle tissue), and will de-attach in oxygenrich enviroments (the lungs) so oxygen can couple. Altitude training will cause the 2.3 BPG value to rise to compensate for the lower oxygen concentration. if the athlete would then go to regular enviroment, he has increased oxygen capacity. This effect fades quickly however. Unless you drain the blood during an altitude training, and readminister it months later before an important contest
Blood doping consists out of two things. Firstly the athlete gets a threatment with epo during a stage in a very elevated enviroment wich has thinner air( lower oxygen conc). This will result in the hematocrit having the desired values, and the 2.3BPG to be increased significantly. Then the blood is drained. This blood will then be treathed to remove any substances that can link the EPO administration. Lastly, the water in the blood gets removed to such levels the enzymes will be shut down and bactaria cannot survive in it (the goal is storage).
Later when needed, the blood is liquified again, and administered to the athlete, who now has the ideal hematocrit and 2.3BPG.
A possible third aspect, is adding chemical substances to the athlete wich will increase mitochondrial and enzymatic activity, but at this point its unshure wether this is past experiment phase, and if it can be done in a way its not detected with current tests.
As you possibly noticed, this is a pretty expensive treatment.
makes sense. i remember when the EPL was constantly having 3 teams in CL semifinals i thought they surely use doping. cant remember if any of them ever got tested. also, didnt Barcelona have a doping scandal about the time they were the most dominant team few years ago? dont remember really what happened though
The EPL had quite the quality back then. Barcelona however, had a bunch of 5feet players who could play all season, all games, match the pace, and never need breaks. Thats was very odd. But the spanish doping agency ruined the investigation.
Provide some evidence please.
It has been destroyed.
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Who's to say players in Serie A aren't doping? Most, if not all pro athletes dope and Spain is not the only country where steroids exist.
Key difference is the way your local doping agency is tackling the matter.
Nearly every EU country has strict rules on doping, and enforced them. Except spain, who notoriously do everything in their power to fuck up any investigation that goes against their athletes.