that "half a billion" a year could go to more productive things, like maybe education in urban areas.
Oh, both programs are very valuable to society as a whole in my opinion. Maybe more funding for education would be slightly more necessary, but it should not be an "either/or" issue, both should be provided.
I'm sure I can find republican leaning academics who have done research that points to the other direction as well.
In all cases, I am personally against programs like these that force people to pay for others mistakes, and also arguably provide a safe net for those who make bad life decisions. The underlying principle for me is that for those who feel the need to fund an organization such as planned parenthood, then by all means go ahead and be charitable, just don't force the rest of the population to fund it too. Perhaps if the government reduced the tax burden, people would have more means to be charitable with issues they believe in.
But here's the thing: A functioning society with low levels of poverty benefits virtually everyone. Low levels of crime, high levels of education, health, also productivity etc. are all highly interconnected. And that's why I also do not believe that you can look at these "bad life decisions" in isolation, as it is a fact that they are strongly concentrated in specific sections of the population - so either they're for some reason naturally irresponsible, or these decisions are strongly dependant on circumstances and environment.
Going away from planned parenthood and towards the big picture, that is also exactly why the statement that "the best government is the least government" only would be correct in a hypothetical world where everyone was completely equal at birth and had the same environment, chances & opportunities. But that's not how life works. And for this reason alone, society, with the state being nothing else than its executive body, has to intervene to at least try and shift that imbalance a little. It never works perfectly, and that's why your wealth and ultimately wellbeing is still everywhere on the world largely determined simply by how rich your parents are, but without these interventions matters would be much worse (and also largely are where these interventions do not exist).
Finally, the idea of private charities & donors taking over the job of the state sounds nice, but does not work at all. Never has apart from isolated, often religious, communities, and most probably never will. Also, an interesting thing to consider here is that the rich statistically actually give fewer money, relatively speaking, to charities than the less wealthy.
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Parties exist because humans depend on heuristic shorthands to cut through ambiguity and complexity while affording natural lines of cooperation. I both detest that they exist while understanding it's a natural social human thing to create them. So you gotta learn to live with them.
Yup, parties are a necessity as a really direct democracy, e.g. with public votes on every bill, would simply not work out.
The problem of the democratic system in the USA in my opionion however is that the election system virtually eliminates the chances for smaller parties, which really makes the whole thing rather undemocratic as there is no viable alternative besides the two big parties, a situation that imo will never change unless the election system (majority voting for example) changes drastically.
In every other democratic, and especially economically developed, country that I am aware of, a multitude of parties covering the political spectrum exists, so everyone can actually express their political views and opionions at least somewhat at the ballot (not many will probably agree 100% with any party of course). In the US it really does seem to me like choosing the lesser of two evils is the only option very often.
In a representative democracy, competition simply is a good thing ultimately.