Max always tries to build a complicated system, relying on multiple subtle details, based on the players he has in his team. When everybody's healthy and in sync, his team is capable of great performances, like the one against Atletico. But the complicated system is fragile and can easily get broken, we saw it many times. That's why for such a system to be sustainable you must have enough top quality spare parts.
The problem is that in such a club as Juventus you don't really have an abundance of top players. This is a very pragmatic club, for which the financial balance is as important as sporting results. The reason this club has a lot of players is not because they want to offer the coach the complete freedom in terms of squad configuration - no, they buy so many players mostly for financial reasons. That's why they usually buy decent players, but rarely the top ones.
It might sound funny, but Juventus work in a framework of a small club model, just at a large scale, which allows them to accumulate money surplus quicker than small clubs, which in turn can be invested in occasional purchases of top players. But that's not how you compete with RM, Barcelona, and other top clubs. That's how you get stuck in-between clubs like RM and Ajax (well, sometimes even behind them, as we could see tonight).
As a result, when even a tiny piece of your complicated system fails (someone's got injured or is out of form), the entire system falls apart, because you don't have the equal replacement, and your team start playing extremely ugly football. Max always struggled with this problem, and even managed to win a lot of trophies along the way, but this system doesn't work where it matters most - in Champions League. It has no resilience when it's under high pressure, and always breaks down.
Having that said, I'm not sure that any other manager will do something better in this club, if the club doesn't change the approach to transfers (which, unfortunately, doesn't seem to be the case). At the same time, I'm pretty sure Max would reach his full potential at the club with an infinite bench with top players, like MC.