I think I've noticed one very major reasons for many of our disagreements. You think (correct me if I'm wrong), that the US is already a big government state with a large welfare state. Since that doesn't really work in many aspects, you reject the idea of a larger welfare state and more government influence in general.
However, in my opinion, the US has a relatively small welfare state for a developed country. Naturally I might add, since taxes are significantly lower, and the military spending is miles above any other developed country, even relatively speaking, so there can't really be any comparetively large welfare programs. In addition, a lot of the programs are organized rather ineffectively (leading you to believe, somewhat understandably, that welfare programs have to be inefficient by default), and the tax system is rather inequitable and in my opinon unjust, especially due to various loopholes and tax brakes for the very rich, leading to the, from your part highly criticised, situation where the middleclass has to bear a disproportionally large part of the tax burden (keep in mind that this is one of the main gripes of the left (that doesn't really prominently exist on the US American political stage, bar maybe Sanders recently)).
And to close the circle to your first sentence in the quoted post, the US simply does not have a welfare state that does any justice to its level of development, and that's exactly the source of many problems. If you on the hand believe that the US already has a large welfare state, and these problems still exist, then we don't disagree on whether the current programs are good or not (we both think they're not), but in my opinion they're simply woefully insufficient, and even if they're inefficient at times, things would be worse overall without them.
And again, "big government" on it's own is neither good or bad, it can be functional/dysfunctional, corrupt/clean, oppressive/liberal (in terms of civil liberties). But I very strongly believe that a big government that works well is the only way that broad wealth for the whole population can be achieved. And so far, it's the only way it has been achieved in history.
Not to mention that the current US health care system is extremely ineffective and among the most expensive (maybe even the most expensive, don't remember exactly) in the world.