yes. both use 2 wingers, a CF and 3 CMs
A 4-5-1 uses wide midfielders
A 4-3-3 uses wide forwards
With a 4-3-3 you sacrifice alot of the central midfield, but you have wide forwards / inside forwards who are a big goalscoring thread and the stars of the team togheter with the CF. The midfield is crucial in balancing and can be quite creative but is restricted in how offensively it can move.
With a 4-5-1 you have wide midfielders as wingers, who will do alot of defensive work and mainly support the team first. They start their actions relatively far from goal, and you'll only see one of them at a time make an inside run. But this also means your CM's get alot of possible offensive movement.
Juventus doesnt have players for a 4-3-3. Cuadrado cant finish for shit. Neither does Sandro, Alves, Pjaca, whatever other guy you'll mention.
However, they are all worldclass or such potential supportive players, capable of making actions that split open the play and deliver key passes and assists that will decide a game. Combined with that is the absolute world class midfield which now enables pogba to burst forward all the time and sees alot of freedom for Pjanic/khedira to be creative or moving around.
Juve can perfectly play 4-5-1 with Mandzukic, perhaps Dybala tho not ideally. But it lacks players for a 4-3-3.