There is a difference here.
The condition is that C is not interfering with opposition.
However, when the ball is launched, Destro (who would be C at the situation) is interfering with opposition, because there is a defender marking him and the ball initially goes towards him and Strootman.
Destro attracts the defending of an opponent, who could be defending Strootman if it weren't for Destro.
So the situation does not apply to that FIFA rule. The goal is offside. Just as Juve's goal against Napoli, where Chiellini is offside and interferes in the play, being man marked by an opponent.
So this goal was as irregular as Caceres goal.