"Finland has one of the highest rates of suicide mortality in the world.
While the suicide rate per 100 000 mean population was 27.2 (males and females together) in the year 1995, it was 14.2 (1996) in Sweden, 12.6 (1995) in Norway and 10.1 (1995) in Iceland. When compared with other European countries, the suicide rate was 7.5 (1994) in Great Britain, 20.8 (1994) in France and 9.8 (1995) in the Netherlands. Respectively, the rates for suicides were 16.7 (1994) in Japan, 13.5 (1995) in Canada, and 11.9 (1995) in the USA (Statistics Finland 1999a).
Statistics kept on the deaths due to suicide in Finland are considered reliable. The Finnish law requires that in every case of a violent, sudden or unexpected death, the possibility of suicide is assessed by police and medico-legal investigations involving autopsy and forensic examinations
(edited: as is the case in Belgium). At present, a medico-legal investigation is conducted in majority of the suicides in Finland. It is estimated that about 90% of the suicides committed in Finland are correctly classified as suicides (Karkola 1990). On the other hand, expressed in a different way, official suicide rates have been found to be underestimated by 10% (Öhberg & Lönnqvist 1998b).
Research into suicides in Finland has resulted in many scientific reports, which consider the aetiology of suicides from different viewpoints. For instance, suicides have been found to be strongly associated with mental disorders (Isometsä 1994a, Marttunen et al. 1991, Lönnqvist et al. 1995, Henriksson 1996, Heilä 1999, Lönnqvist 2000a,b) and/or alcohol and other substance abuse (Marttunen 1994, Pirkola 1999a). In addition, adverse events in the lives of suicidal persons have been found to be a common factor before the suicide (Heikkinen 1994, Marttunen 1994). These reports have originated from the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland. The project was set up in 1986 by the Finnish National Board of Health to examine various risk factors linked with suicidal behaviour and to reduce suicide mortality in Finland by about 20% (Lönnqvist 1988, Lönnqvist et al. 1993, Beskow et al. 1999). The findings of this project have had significant implications for suicide prevention and research in Finland."
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